Geography | Upsc PYQ | UPSC Previous Year Question | UPSC Prelims PYQ

Geography

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Question No. 1

On 21st June, the Sun

looks_one does not set below the horizon at the arctic circle

looks_two does not set below the horizon at antractic circle

looks_3 Shines vertically overhead at noon on the equator

looks_4 Shines vertically overhead at the tropic of capricorn

looks_one does not set below the horizon at the arctic circle

Solution :
The features of 21st of June :
1. summer solstice
2. longest day as compared to other days of years
3. sun never set on arctic circle
4. Sun shines directly on tropic of cancer.

Question no. 2

What is the difference between asteroids and comets?
1) Asteroids are small rocky planetoids, while comets are formed of frozen gases held together by rocky and metallic material
2) Asteroids are found mostly between the orbits of Jupiter and Mars, while comets are found mostly between Venus and Mercury
3) Comets show a perceptible glowing tail, while asteroids do not Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

looks_one 1 and 2 only

looks_two 2 only

looks_3 1 and 3 only

looks_4 all of the above

option looks_3 1 and 3 only

Solution :
Asteroids are small rocky planetoids , which are found mostly between orbits of Jupiter and Mars .
Comets are formed of frozen gases held together by rocky and metallic material and have a perceptible glowing tail.

Question no. 3

In order of their distances from the Sun, which of the following planets lie between Mars and Uranus?

looks_one Earth and Jupiter

looks_two Jupiter and saturn

looks_3 Saturn and Earth

looks_4 Saturn and Neptune

Option looks_two Only two

Solution :
Jupiter and saturn are two planet between between mars and Uranus

Question no. 4

What is the average distance (approximate) between the Sun and the Earth?

looks_one 70 * 10⁵ km

looks_two 110 * 10⁵ km

looks_3 100 * 10⁶ km

looks_4 150 * 10⁶ km

option looks_4 150 * 10⁶ km

Solution :
Average distance the sun and earth is 1 Astronomical Unit which is 15 crore km.

Question no. 5

(Assertion): To orbit around the Sun, the planet Mars takes lesser time than the time taken by the Earth
(Reason): The diameter of the planet Mars is less than that of the Earth.

looks_one Both A and R are true , R is the correct explanation of A

looks_two Both A and R are true But R is not a correct explanation of A

looks_3A is true but R is false

looks_4 A is false but R is true

Option looks_4 Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

Solution :
According to kepler's law , more the radius of orbit of revolution of planets around the sun , time period will be more. (T² ∝ R³) and second statement is true , mars radius is less than earth

Question no. 6

(Assertion): The same face of the Moon is always presented to the Earth
(Reason): The Moon rotates about its own axis in 231/2 days which is about the same time that it takes to orbit the Earth

looks_one Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

looks_two Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explnantion of A

looks_3 A is true but R is false

looks_4 A is false but R is true

option looks_3 A is true but R is false

Solution :
Statement 1 is true , from the earth , only one face of moon is always visible. and this is because rotation time and revolution time is almost same, and its revolution period is around 29 days.

Question no. 7

(Assertion): Existence of human life on Venus is highly improbable.
(Reason): Venus has extremely high level of carbon dioxide in its atmosphere.

looks_one Both A and R are true , R is the correct explanantion of A

looks_two Both A and R are true But R is not a correct explanation of A

looks_3 A is true but R is false

looks_4 A is false but R is true

option looks_one Both A and R are true , R is the correct explanantion of A

Solution :
Existence of Human life on any planet highly depends on its temperature But the atmosphere of Venus is composed of carbon di oxide and sulphur di oxide which raised its temperature very high and become improbable.

Question no. 8

Among the following which planet takes maximum time for one revolution around the Sun?

looks_one Earth

looks_two Jupiter

looks_3 Mars

looks_4 Venus

option looks_two Jupiter

Solution :
Time of revolution around the sun is directly proportational to distance from the sun. Jupiter is the farthest among the given options.

Question no. 9

Which one of the following statements is correct with reference to our solar system?

looks_one The Earth is the densest of all the planets in our solar system

looks_two The predominant element in the composition of earth is silicon

looks_3 The sun contains 75 percent of the mass of the solar system

looks_4 The diameter of the sun is 190 times that of the earth

Option looks_one The Earth is the densest of all the planets in our solar system

Solution :
The diameter of the Sun is 109 times that of earth.
The sun contains 99.9% of the mass of the solar system
The Predominant element in the composition of earth is oxygen
The earth is the densest of all the planets in our solar system because of the presence of iron (36% )

Question no. 10

If the stars are seen to rise perpendicular to the horizon by an observer, he is located on the

looks_one Equator

looks_two Tropic of cancer

looks_3 South pole

looks_4 North Pole

Option looks_one Equator

Solution :
If the stars are seen to rise perpendicular to the horizon , it means observer is at the equator.

Question no. 11

A "Black Hole" is a body in space which does not allow any radiation to come out. This property is due to its

looks_one Very small size

looks_two Very Large size

looks_3 Very high density

looks_4 Very low density

Optionlooks_3 Very high density

Solution :
Black Hole is a very massive celestial body , it has huge high density which make it a body thorugh which even light can't escape.

Question no. 12

One Astronomical Unit is the average distance between

looks_one Earth and Sun

looks_two Earth adn Moon

looks_3 Pluto and Sun

looks_4 Jupiter and Sun

looks_one Earth and Sun

Solution :
One Astronomical Unit is the avergae distance between Earth and Sun which is 150 million km.

Question no. 13

Consider the following statements regarding asteroids:
1) Asteroids are rocky debris of varying sizes orbiting the Sun
2) Most of the Asteroids are small but some have diameter as large as 1000 km
3) The orbit of asteroids lies between the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

looks_one Only 1 and 2

looks_twoOnly 2 and 3

looks_3 Only 1 and 3

looks_4 All of the above

Option looks_one Only 1 and 2

Solution :
Asteroids are rocky debris of varying sizes orbiting the Sun
Most of the Asteroids are small but some have diameter as large as 1000 km
The orbit of asteroids lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter

Question no.14
The terms 'Event Horizon', 'Singularity', 'String Theory and Standard Model' are sometimes seen in the news in the context of

looks_one Observation and understanding of the universe

looks_two Study of the solar and luner eclipses

looks_3 Placing satellites in the orbit of the earth

looks_4 Origin and evolution of living organisms on the earth

Optionlooks_one Observation and understanding of the universe

Solution :
The event horizon is the spherical outer boundary of a black hole loosely considered to be its surface.
A singularity is a point in space where a mass has infinite density. It's a central point within a black hole, where matter is compressed into an infinitely small point. The singularity has infinite gravity and distorts space-time so that nothing can escape, not even light
String theory and Standard Model are theories related to universe understanding

Question no. 15

What is the approximate mean velocity with which the Earth moves round the Sun in its orbit?

looks_one 20 km/s

looks_two 30 km/s

looks_3 40 km/s

looks_4 50 km/s

Option looks_two 30 km/s

Solution :
The distance between sun and earth is 150 million km , and distance covered by earth is circumference around sun. Time taken by earth is 365 days . Using distance formula , speed = distance / time . speed will be 30 km/s

Question no. 16

Which one of the following scholars suggests the earth's origin is from gases and dust particles?

looks_one James Jeans

looks_two H alfven

looks_3 F Hoyle

looks_4 O Schmidit

Option looks_4 O Schmidit

Solution :
O Schmidit is the correct Option

Question no. 17

Sun's halo is produced by the refraction of light in

looks_one Water Vapour in Stratus Clouds

looks_two Ice Crystals In Cirro- Cumulus Clouds

looks_3 Ice Crystals In Cirrus Clouds

looks_4 Dust Particles In stratus clouds

Option looks_3 Ice Crystals In Cirrus Clouds

Solution :
Sun halo is the complete ring around the sun and the radius of the circle is always approximately 22 degrees. Halos are a sign of high, thin cirrus clouds drifting 20,000 feet (6 km) or more above our heads. These clouds contain millions of tiny ice crystals. The halos you see are caused by both refraction, or splitting of light, and also by reflection, or glints of light from these ice crystals

Question no. 18

Match List-I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List l (Special Character) :-
A. Smallest planet of the Solar System
B. Largest planet of the Solar System
C. Planet second from the Sun in the solar system
D. Planet nearest to the Sun
List ll (Planet Name) :-
1. Mercury
2. Venus
3. Jupiter
4. Pluto
5. Saturn

looks_one A-2 , B -3 , C-5 , D-1

looks_two A-3 , B-5 , C- 1 , D-2

looks_3 A-4 , B-1 , C-2 , D-3

looks_4 A-4 , B -3 , C-2 , D -1

Option looks_4 A-4 , B -3 , C-2 , D -1

Solution :
Largest planet of the Solar System - Jupiter
Planet nearest to the Sun - Mercury
Planet second from the Sun in the solar system - Venus

Question no. 19

Consider the following statements:
1) The Earth's magnetic field has reversed every few hundred thousand years.
2) When the Earth was created more than 4000 million years ago, there was 54% oxygen and no carbon dioxide.
3) When living organisms originated, they modified the early atmosphere of the Earth.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

looks_one Only 1 and 2

looks_two Only 2 and 3

looks_3 Only 1 and 3

looks_4 All of the above

Option looks_3 Only 1 and 3

Solution :
When earth was created , there was no oxygen. therefore 2nd statement is wrong.

Question no. 20

On the planet earth, most of the freshwater exists as ice caps and glaciers. Out of the remaining freshwater, the largest proportion

looks_one is found in atmosphere as moisture and clouds

looks_two is found in freshwater lakes and rivers

looks_3 exists as groundwater

looks_4 exists as soil moisture

Option looks_3 exists as groundwater

Solution :

Question no. 21
Consider the following:
1. Electromagnetic radiation
2. Geothermal energy
3. Gravitational force
4. Plate movements
5. Rotation of the earth
6. Revolution of the earth
Which of the above are responsible for bringing dynamic changes on the surface of the earth?

looks_one 1 , 2 ,3 and 4 only

looks_two 1,3,5 and 6 only

looks_3 2 , 4 , 5 and 6 only

looks_4 1 , 2, 3, 4 ,5 and 6 only

Option looks_4 1 , 2, 3, 4 ,5 and 6 only

Solution : all the factors are responsible for surface changes

Question no. 22

The Brahmaputra, Irrawady and Mekong rivers originate in Tibet and flow through narrow and parallel mountain ranges in their upper reaches. Of these rivers, Brahmaputra makes a "U" turn in its course to flow into India. This "U" turn is due to

looks_one Uplift of Folded Himalayan series

looks_two Syntaxial bending of geologically young himalayas

looks_3 Geo tectonic disturbance in the tertiary folded mountain chains

looks_4 Both a and b

Option looks_4 Both a and b

Solution :
U turn is due to uplift of folded Himalayan series and syntaxial bending of geologically young himalayas

Question no. 23

Consider the following statements:
1) On the planet Earth, the fresh water available for use amounts to about less than 1 % of the total water found.
2) Of the total fresh water found on the planet Earth 95% is bound up in polar ice caps and glaciers

looks_one Only 1

looks_two Only 2

looks_3 Both 1 and 2

looks_4 None of the above

Option looks_one Only 1

Solution :

Question no. 24

In the Structure of planet Earth , Below the mantle , the core is made up of which one of the following ?

looks_one Aluminium

looks_two Chromium

looks_3 Iron

looks_4 Silicon

Option looks_3 Iron

Solution :
Iron is the primarliy element present in the core.

Question no. 25

Consider the following statements:
1) The Richter scale is a logarithmic scale and so an increase of 1 magnitude unit represents a factor of 10 times in amplitude.
2) Each integer reading of the Richter scale has energy 100 times that of the previous integer reading.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

looks_one Only 1

looks_two Only 2

looks_3 Both 1 and 2

looks_4 None of the above

Option looks_3 Both 1 and 2

Solution :
The Richter scale measures earthquakes ranging from a magnitude of 1 to a magnitude of 10. 10 represents the highest level of earthquake. The Richter scale ranges from a value of 1 to a value of 10. It is a logarithmic scale. With each increase in the magnitude of the earthquake, the amount of ground shaking increases by 10 times, and the amount of energy released increases 32-fold.

Question no. 26

Consider the following geological phenomena:
1) Development of a fault
2) Movement along a fault
3) Impact produced by a volcanic eruption
4) Folding of rocks
Which of the above cause earthquakes?

looks_one Only 1 , 2 and 3

looks_two Only 2 and 4

looks_3 Only 1 , 3 and 4

looks_4 1 , 2 , 3 and 4

Option looks_4 1 , 2 , 3 and 4

Solution :
All the factors are responsible for earthquakes.

Question no. 27

Consider the following statements:
1) Most magmas are a combination of liquid, solid and gas
2) Water vapour and carbon dioxide are the principal gases dissolved in a magma
3) Basaltic magma is hotter than the silicic magma
4) The magma solidified between sedimentary rocks in a horizontal position is known as dyke
Which of these statement are correct?

looks_one 1 , 2 and 3

looks_two 1 and 4

looks_3 2 , 3 and 4

looks_4 1,2 and 4

Option looks_one 1 , 2 and 3

Solution :

Question no. 28

Consider the following statements made about the sedimentary rocks:
1) Sedimentary rocks are formed at earth's surface by the hydrological system
2) The formation of sedimentary rocks involves the weathering of pre-existing rocks
3) Sedimentary rocks contain fossils
4) Sedimentary rocks typically occur in layers
Which of these statements are correct?

looks_one Only 1, 2 and 4

looks_two Only 2 and 3

looks_3 Only 1 and 4

looks_4 All of the above

Option looks_4 All of the above

Solution :
Sedimentary rocks are formed at earth's surface by the hydrological system The formation of sedimentary rocks involves the weathering of pre-existing rocks. Sedimentary rocks contain fossils. Sedimentary rocks typically occur in layers

Question no. 29

Quartzite is metamorphosed from

looks_one Limestone

looks_two Obsidian

looks_3 Sandstone

looks_4 Shale

Option looks_3 Sandstone

Solution :
When Limestone is metamorphosed to marble , Obsidian changes to gneiss , SandStone is metamorphosed to Quartzite , Shale is metamorphosed to Slate.

Question no. 30

Where is the volcanic mountain, Mount St Helens located ?

looks_one Chile

looks_two USA

looks_3 Philippines

looks_4 Japan

Optionlooks_two USA

Solution :
Mount Saint Helens, volcanic peak in the Cascade Range, southwestern Washington, U.S. Its eruption on May 18, 1980, was one of the greatest volcanic explosions ever recorded in North America. Mount Saint Helens, named by the English navigator George Vancouver for a British ambassador, had been dormant since 1857.

Question no. 31

Volcanic eruptions do not occur in the

looks_one Baltic Sea

looks_two Black Sea

looks_3 Caribbean Sea

looks_4 Caspian Sea

Option looks_one Baltic Sea

Solution :
Volcanic eruptions do not occur in the Baltic Sea

Question no. 32

Consider the following statements regarding the earthquakes:
1) The intensity of earthquake is measured on Mercalli Scale
2) The magnitude of an earthquake is a measure of energy release
3) Earthquake magnitudes are based on direct measurements of the amplitude of seismic waves.
4) In the Richter Scale, each whole number demonstrates a hundred fold increase in the amount of energy released
Which of these statements are correct?

looks_one Only 1, 2 and 3

looks_two Only 2 and 3

looks_3 Only 1 and 4

looks_4 All of the above

Option looks_one Only 1, 2 and 3

Solution :
The Mercalli and Richter scales are both used when measuring the impacts of seismic activity. However, while the Richter scale measures the magnitude of the earthquake (meaning the force of the earthquake), the Mercalli scale measures the physical impact of the earthquake within a given location. The magnitude of an earthquake is a measure of energy release. Earthquake magnitudes are based on direct measurements of the amplitude of seismic waves. In the Richter Scale, each whole number demonstrates a thirty three fold increase in the amount of energy released.

Question no. 33

Consider the following statements:
1. Total land area of Earth is approximately 1475 lakh square kilometres.
2. Ratio of land area to water area of Earth is approximately 1:4
3. Maximum percentage of Earth's water is in the Pacific Ocean.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

looks_one Only 1 and 2

looks_two Only 2 and 3

looks_3 Only 3

looks_4 All of the above

Option looks_3 Only 3

Solution :
Total land area of Earth is approximately 510.1 million km² .
The surface of the Earth is about 71% water and the remaining 29% is land , it means that it is appoximately 1:2.
Maximum percentage of Earth's water is in the pacific Ocean.

Question no. 34

Consider the following statements:
1. The axis of the earth's magnetic field is inclined at 23 to the geographic axis of the earth.
2 The earth's magnetic pole in the northern hemisphere is located on a peninsula in northern Canada
3. Earth's magnetic equator passes through Thumba in South India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

looks_one Only 1 and 2

looks_two Only 3

looks_3 Only 2 and 3

looks_4 All of the above

Option looks_two Only 3

Solution :
The axis of the Earth's Magnetic field is inclined at an angle of about 11.3 degrees with the geographical axis , The earth's magnetic pole in the northern canada but not in peninsula.

Question no. 35

Assertion: The weight of a body decreases with the increase latitude on earth.
Reason: The earth is not a perfect sphere

looks_one Both A and R are true , R is the correct explanation of A.

looks_two Both A and R are true But R is not a correct explanation of A

looks_3 A is true but R is false

looks_4 A is false but R is true

Option looks_4 A is false but R is true

Solution :
The weight of a body does not change with change of latitude of earth. The earth is not a perfect sphere is correct statement.

Question no. 36

Assertion: The amount of moisture in the atmosphere is related to latitude.
Reason: The capacity to hold moisture in the form of water vapour is related to temperature.

looks_one Both A and R are true , R is the correct explanation of A

looks_two Both A and R are true But R is not a correct explanation of A

looks_3 A is true but R is false

looks_4 A is false but R is true

Option Both A and R are true , R is the correct explanation of A

Solution :
The amount of moisture in the atmosphere is related to latitude (temperature). With the latittude , temperature changes , which causes the change of holding capacity of moisture of water vapour.

Question no. 37

Consider the following statements:
1) Most of the world's coral reefs are in tropical waters.
2) More than one-third of the world's coral reefs are located in the territories of Australia, Indonesia and Philippines.
3) Coral reefs host far more number of animal phyla than those hosted by tropical rainforests.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

looks_one Only 1 and 2

looks_two Only 2 and 3

looks_3 Only 3

looks_4All of the above

Optionlooks_4All of the above

Solution :
All statements are correct

Question no. 38

Tides occur in the oceans and seas due to which among the following?
1) Gravitational force of the Sun
2) Gravitational force of the Moon
3) Centrifugal force of the Earth
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

looks_one Only 1 and 2

looks_two Only 1 and 3

looks_3 Only 3

looks_4 All of the above

Optionlooks_4 All of the above

Solution :
Tides occur due to gravitational force of sun , moon and centrifugal force of Earth.

Question no. 39

The acidification of oceans is increasing. Why is this phenomenon a cause of concern?
1) The growth and survival of calcareous phytoplankton will be adversely affected.
2) The growth and survival of coral reefs will be adversely affected.
3) The survival of some animals that have phoplanktonic larvae will be adversely affected.
4) The cloud seeding and formation of clouds will be adversely affected.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

looks_one 1, 2 and 3 only

looks_two Only 2 and 4

looks_3 Only 1 and 3

looks_4 All of the above

Option looks_4 All of the above

Solution :
All statements are correct

Question no. 40

The 2004 Tsunami made people realize that mangroves can serve as a reliable safety hedge against coastal calamities. How do mangroves function as a safety hedge? (a) The mangrove swamps separate the human settlements from the sea by a wide zone in which people neither live nor venture out (b) The mangroves provide both food and medicines which people are in need of after any natural disaster (c) The mangrove, trees are tall with dense canopies and serve as an excellent shelter during a cyclone or tsunami (d) The mangrove trees do not get uprooted by storms and tides because of their extensive roots

looks_one A

looks_two B

looks_3 C

looks_4 D

Option looks_4 D

Solution :
The mangrove trees do not get uprooted by storms and tides because of their extensive roots.

Question no. 41

Why are dewdrops not formed on a cloudy night?

looks_one The Earth's Surface

looks_two Clouds reflect back the earth's radiation

looks_3 The Earth's surface would have low temperature on cloudy nights

looks_4 Clouds deflect the blowing wins to ground level

Optionlooks_two Clouds reflect back the earth's radiation

Solution :
Dews are formed when objects radiate heat throughly

Question no. 42

Consider the following statements:
1) Ocean currents are the slow-surface movement of water in the ocean
2) Ocean currents assist in maintaining the Earth's heat balance
3) Ocean current are set in motion primarily by prevailing winds
4) Ocean current are affected by the configuration of the ocean
Which of these statements are correct?

looks_one Only 1 and 2

looks_two Only 2,3 and 4

looks_3 Only 1,3 and 4

looks_4 All of the above

Option looks_4 All of the above

Solution :
Ocean currents are the slow-surface movement of water in the ocean
Ocean currents assist in maintaining the Earth's heat balance
Ocean current are set in motion primarily by prevailing winds
Ocean current are affected by the configuration of the ocean

Question no. 43

Assertion: During the Neap Tides, the high tide is lower and the low tide is higher than usual.
Reason: The Neap Tide, unlike the Spring Tide, occurs on the New Moon instead of on the Full Moon.

looks_one Both A and R are true , R is the correct explanation of A

looks_two Both A and R are true But R is not a correct explanation of A

looks_3 A is true but R is false

looks_4 A is flase But R is true

Option looks_3 A is true but R is false

Solution :
A tide just after the first or third quarters of the Moon when there is least difference between high and low tides is called Neap tide. During this, the Moon and the Sun are at right angles to the earth. Full moon and New moon causes the spring Tide.

Question no. 44

The most important fishing grounds of the world are found in the regions where

looks_one Warm and cold atmospheric currents meet

looks_two Rivers drain out large amounts of freshwater into the sea

looks_3 Warm and cold oceanic currents meet

looks_4 COntinental shelf is undulating

Option looks_3 Warm and cold oceanic currents meet

Solution :
The most impotant fishing grounds of the world are found where warm and cold oceanic currents meet.

Question no. 45

The largest coral reef in the world is found near the coast of which one of the following countries?

looks_one Australia

looks_two Cuba

looks_3Indonesia

looks_4 Phillipines

Option looks_one Australia

Solution :
The Great barrier reef of australia is the largest coral reef system.

Question no. 46

Between India and East Asia, the navigation-time and distance can be greatly reduced by which of the following?
1) Deepening the Malacca straits between Malaysia and Indonesia.
2) Opening a new canal across the Kra isthmus between the Gulf of Siam and Andaman Sea.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

looks_one Only 1

looks_two Only 2

looks_3Both 1 and 2

looks_4None of the above

Option looks_two Only 2

Solution :

Question no. 47

In which one of the following oceans is Diamantina Trench situated?

looks_one Pacific Ocean

looks_two Atlantic Ocean

looks_3 Indian Ocean

looks_4 Arctic Ocean

Option looks_3 Indian Ocean

Solution :
The Diamantina trench (Diamantina Fracture Zone) extends westward from the southwest coast of Australia

Question no. 198

Each day is more or less the same, the morning is clear and bright with a sea breeze; as the Sun climbs high in the sky, heat mounts up, dark clouds form, then rain comes with thunder and lightning. But rain is soon over.

looks_one Savannah

looks_two Equatorial

looks_3 Monsoon

looks_4 Mediterranean

Option looks_two Equatorial

Solution :
All the conditions are feasible to equatorial region

Question no. 49

In the South Atlantic and South Eastern Pacific regions in tropical latitudes, cyclone does not originate. What is the reason?

looks_one Sea surface temperatures are low

looks_twoITCZ seldom occurs

looks_3Coriolis force is too weak

looks_4absence of land in those regions

Option looks_twoITCZ seldom occurs

Solution :
The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone, or ITCZ, is a belt of low pressure which circles the Earth generally near the equator where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together. It is characterised by convective activity which generates often vigorous thunderstorms over large areas

Question no. 50

What explains the eastward flow of the equatorial counter-current?

looks_one The Earth's Rotation on its axis

looks_two Convergence of the two equatorial currents

looks_3 Difference in salinity of water

looks_4 Occurrence of the belt of calm near the equator

Option looks_two Convergence of the two equatorial currents

Solution :
The piling up of water in the area near brazil due to the convergence of the two equatorial currents creates the counter current.